For how long should hand-processed films be washed after removing from the fixer?

Hand-processed films should be washed after being removed from the fixer for a duration of 20 minutes to ensure that all the residual chemicals, especially the fixer, are adequately removed from the film surface. This step is crucial because any leftover fixer can lead to image deterioration, hazing, or discoloration over time, affecting the quality of the radiographs. A 20-minute wash allows for thorough rinsing, helping to ensure the longevity and clarity of the developed films. Proper washing also minimizes the risk of artifacts appearing in future imaging, which is essential for maintaining high diagnostic quality in radiography.